Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42071222›Full record

Trial reportBMC psychology2026

The impact of psycho-physical training in esports on reaction time and decision-making in competitive athletes.

Wenxiu Zheng, Hairong Zhang

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Wenxiu ZhengPhysical Education Department, Fuzhou Preschool Education College, Fuzhou, Jiangxi province, China. wenxiuzheng@castcn.org.
Hairong ZhangSchool of Art and Sports, Linchuan No.2 Middle School, Fuzhou, Jiangxi province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study analyzed the impact of a cognitive-motor training program on key indicators of cognitive performance.

methodsA two-arm, parallel, randomised controlled trial (with 1:1 allocation) was conducted. A total of 184 competitive eSports athletes (aged 18-25) were randomly assigned to one of two programmes: an individualised psychophysical training programme integrating aerobic exercise and cognitive self-regulation techniques, or a standard eSports training programme. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks (mid-intervention) and after 8 weeks (post-intervention). Reaction time and decision-making efficiency were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention using a computerized reaction-time battery and an adapted Iowa Gambling Task. Data analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and moderation analyses. The primary endpoint was defined as the change in the outcome variable from baseline to post-intervention.

resultsThe individualized psycho-physical program was associated with greater improvements in reaction time and decision-making indicators compared to standard training, with small-to-moderate effect sizes (η² = 0.08-0.12). Significant Time × Group interactions indicated steeper and more stable performance gains in the experimental group. Age and gender exerted small but significant moderating effects; younger participants and female athletes showing greater responsiveness on selected outcomes.

conclusionsIntegrating aerobic exercise and cognitive self-regulation was associated with improvements in attentional efficiency and decision-making stability under controlled conditions. These findings suggest that individualised psychophysical training could be useful in environments with a high cognitive load. However, further confirmatory trials are required.

trial registrationNot prospectively registered.

Indexed as

AthletesDecision MakingExerciseReaction TimeAdolescentAdultCognitionCognitive EnhancementFemaleHumansMaleSelf-ControlYoung AdultAttentionCognitive functionsDecision-makingEsportsNeuropsychologyPsychophysiologyReaction

Identifiers

PMID42071222
PMCPMC13285091

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.