ArticleThe Prostate2026
Impact of Genomic Mutations on the Transcriptional Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment Landscape of Localized Early Prostate Cancer.
Article in The Prostate, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe management of intermediate-risk early prostate cancer (PCa) is challenging due to the difficulty in distinguishing indolent from aggressive tumors. This study explores the association between genomic alterations and the tumor and its microenvironment (TME) and implications for disease progression.
methodsWe performed multi-omic profiling in a cohort of 53 localized PCa using targeted sequencing, transcriptional, and proteomic spatial profiling.
resultsSomatic mutations and copy number alterations in RB1 (21%), PTEN (18%), and TP53 (9%) were identified. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that alterations in the RB and Cell Cycle pathways, particularly aberrations in PTEN, TP53, or RB1, were associated with shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival (p < 0.001). Spatial proteomic analysis demonstrated a complex immune landscape in patients with mutations. The tumor compartment demonstrated higher expression of immune checkpoint markers, T-cell activation proteins, and proliferation markers; and a TME that is enriched with CD8 + T cells and antigen-presenting cells, but also with immunosuppressive M2 macrophages, suggesting adaptive immune resistance.
conclusionsOur analysis demonstrates that genomic alterations in PTEN, TP53, or RB1 are not only prognostic for poor outcomes but are also associated with a unique, immunologically complex TME in this Brazilian cohort.
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