Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42070080›Full record

Trial reportScandinavian journal of pain2026

Evidence for frequency-dependent neuronal "wind-up" origin of temporal summation of pain - an experimental crossover investigation.

Maximilian Bremer, Henriette Janner, Vasyl Hizhko, Andreas Nowak, Alexandra Busemann, Klaus Hahnenkamp, Taras I Usichenko

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scandinavian journal of pain, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maximilian BremerDepartment of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Henriette JannerDepartment of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Vasyl HizhkoDepartment of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Andreas NowakDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany.
Alexandra BusemannDepartment of Surgery, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Klaus HahnenkampDepartment of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Taras I UsichenkoDepartment of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesRepetitive noxious stimulation can increase perceived pain intensity, a phenomenon known as Temporal Summation of Pain (TSP), thought to reflect central sensitization via neuronal "wind-up" in the spinal cord. As neuronal wind-up occurs only at stimulation frequencies above 0.2 Hz, we have tested whether TSP also appears at two different frequencies using our recently developed TSP protocol in healthy volunteers.

methodsIn a randomized crossover design, 30 healthy male participants (27±4 years) underwent two experimental sessions involving 90 repetitive heat stimuli applied to the forearm at individually determined pain tolerance temperatures. Stimuli were delivered using a thermode at either 0.4 or 0.15 Hz. Pain intensity was rated using a computerized visual analog scale (0-100). TSP was assessed via linear mixed-effects model (LMM), with pain intensity as the dependent variable.

resultsAll participants finished the study. LMM revealed a significant main effect of stimulation frequency (

conclusionsThe presence of TSP at 0.4 Hz but not at 0.15 Hz aligns with previous findings on neuronal wind-up, supporting its reliance to central sensitization. These findings enhance our understanding of the physiological basis of TSP and offer a robust platform for future investigations into pain modulation and therapeutic intervention strategies.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System SensitizationPainPain ThresholdAdultCross-Over StudiesHot TemperatureHumansMalePain MeasurementYoung Adultcentral sensitizationchronic painheat painneuronal wind-uptemporal summation of pain

Identifiers

PMID42070080

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.