ArticleNPJ vaccines2026
A TRAC-478-adjuvanted recombinant N1 neuraminidase influenza virus vaccine induces balanced and broadly protective immune responses.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Licensed influenza vaccines primarily target the variable hemagglutinin protein and provide inadequate cross-protection against mismatched or drifted viral strains. One promising approach to enhance the breadth of protection is to target the viral neuraminidase by incorporating a stable, recombinant neuraminidase protein with an effective adjuvant. We evaluated an intramuscular recombinant neuraminidase vaccine (N1-MPP) adjuvanted with a lipidated toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8 agonist (INI-4001), a synthetic TLR4 agonist (INI-2002), or both (TRAC-478) delivered as aqueous, liposomal, or squalene oil-in-water emulsions in mice. TLR agonists offset the Th2 bias of squalene emulsions and boosted antibody responses. Combining ligands synergistically amplified CD4⁺ immunity-increasing polyfunctional cytokine-producing T cells in lungs and spleen-while promoting Th1 cytokine production and antibody class switching. Aqueous and emulsion TRAC-478 N1-MPP induced high titers of cross-reactive, functional antibodies that exhibited strong ADCC activity and conferred protection in passive-transfer experiments. TRAC-478 N1-MPP vaccination protected against both H5N1 clade 1 and clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and recent H1N1 isolates, supporting the further development of N1-MPP adjuvanted with TRAC-478 emulsion as a stand-alone vaccine or potentially as a supplement for current vaccination regimens to improve protection against both seasonal influenza virus and strains with pandemic potential.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.