ArticleBMC rheumatology2026
Impact of disease duration on forefoot involvement in rheumatoid arthritis remission: clinical, ultrasound, and radiographic insights.
Article in BMC rheumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Persistent foot and ankle pain in rheumatoid arthritis remission: what is the treatment target?Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently affects the forefoot, causing pain and deformity even in remission. Subclinical inflammation may persist and vary with disease duration. This study aimed to compare clinical, ultrasound, and radiographic features of the forefoot in RA remission with metatarsalgia according to disease duration (< 10 vs. ≥ 10 years).
methodsCross-sectional study including 84 RA patients in remission (DAS28 < 2.6) with metatarsalgia: 33 with < 10 and 51 with ≥ 10 years of disease duration. Clinical, biomechanical, ultrasound (B-mode and Power Doppler (PD), and radiographic variables were assessed by blinded evaluators.
resultsThe ≥ 10-year group showed greater structural burden. Total synovitis was similar between groups, more frequent at central metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPs) (particularly MTP2 in < 10 years), and PD was rare (6%). The overall pattern was consistent with early MTP1/5 involvement and progressive structural accumulation at MTP2-4, with higher odds of erosions (OR 3.5-5.0), joint space narrowing (JSN; OR 2.8-4.4), and subluxations (MTP2 OR 5.31; MTP3 OR 2.50) in the ≥ 10-year group.
conclusionsIn RA remission with metatarsalgia, our findings are consistent with early structural involvement at MTP1/MTP5 and more frequent B-mode synovitis at central joints, with progressive structural burden at MTP2-4 as disease duration increases. PD positivity was uncommon (6%), whereas ultrasound remained essential to detect synovitis. Our findings support systematic assessment of all MTP joints (MTP1-5), with particular attention to MTP1/MTP5 in earlier disease and careful structural evaluation of central rays in longer disease duration. As a cross-sectional study, temporal or causal sequences cannot be inferred.
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