ArticleRespiratory medicine and research2026
Real-world evidence on hospitalization, infection, and vascular outcomes among interstitial lung disease subtypes.
Article in Respiratory medicine and research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveInterstitial lung diseases (ILDs) consist of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF ILDs. While pulmonary complications in IPF are relatively well-studied, there is a need for research on non-IPF ILDs, including connective tissue disease-associated ILDs (CTD-ILDs), and non-pulmonary outcomes of ILDs. We compare hospitalization, infection, and pulmonary/cardiac vascular event outcomes in patients with various ILDs.
methodsWe used data from 82 healthcare organizations between 2014 and 2023 on the TriNetX Research Network. In addition to IPF, we included patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-ILD, systemic sclerosis (SSc)-ILD, myositis-ILD, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and pulmonary sarcoidosis. We employed propensity score matching (PSM) and assessed outcomes, including hospitalization, infection, and pulmonary/cardiac vascular events within one year of diagnosis.
resultsA total of 66,771 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 15,228 diagnosed with IPF and 51,543 with non-IPF ILDs. Anti-fibrotic agents were used in 30.4% of IPF patients. IPF patients had higher risks of hospitalization, cytomegalovirus disease, aspergillosis, and pulmonary/cardiac vascular event compared to those with non-IPF ILDs. Within CTD-ILDs, RA-ILD was associated with increased risks of sepsis, bacteremia, and pneumonia, while SSc-ILD had higher risks of pulmonary vascular events. Myositis-ILD showed elevated risks of hospitalization and mortality compared to RA-ILD, whereas patients with HP and pulmonary sarcoidosis experienced more favorable outcomes.
conclusionsWe identified distinct risk profiles across ILD subtypes, with increased infection risks in RA-ILD and heightened pulmonary/cardiac vascular event risks in SSc-ILD and IPF. These findings emphasize the need for targeted surveillance/management strategies for different ILD subtypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.