ArticleEndocrine2026
Clinical characteristics and management of adrenal ganglioneuroma: a single center retrospective study.
Article in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTo improve the clinical diagnosis and safety of surgical treatment of adrenal ganglioneuroma (AGN), we present the experience regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic management of tumors.
methodsFrom January 2013 to September 2025, we retrospectively reviewed demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiologic, surgical, and pathological findings, as well as the follow-up of AGN patients who underwent adrenal surgery at a tertiary referral center in eastern China.
resultsWe included 84 patients with AGN. The median age was 34.5 years, and 73.8% cases were asymptomatic. Preoperatively, endocrine abnormalities were identified in 21.4% of patients, including some clinically asymptomatic individuals, whereas AGN was suspected on imaging in only 29.8% of cases. Compared to the tumor diameter < 4 cm group, the ≥ 4 cm group had longer operative time (median 90.0 versus 60.0 min, P = 0.004), greater intraoperative blood loss (median 20.0 versus 10.0 mL, P < 0.001), and longer total length of stay (median 12.0 versus 8.0 days, P = 0.035). Laparoscopic subgroup analysis revealed a significant interaction: partial adrenalectomy was associated with shorter postoperative length of stay for tumors < 4 cm (P < 0.001; interaction P = 0.014), whereas total adrenalectomy was associated with less blood loss for tumors ≥ 4 cm (P = 0.030; interaction P = 0.019). No recurrence was observed among 55 patients with available follow-up, although the median follow-up duration was limited to 3 months.
conclusionsMost AGNs are incidental and nonfunctional, and imaging is non-specific. Preoperative biochemical screening is essential to exclude hormone excess. Laparoscopic surgery is safe and effective, with laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy favored for tumors under 4 cm and laparoscopic adrenalectomy preferred for larger lesions.
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