ArticleActa parasitologica2026
Morpho-molecular Delineation of Odonaticola nonapetalis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida: Actinocephalidae) Parasitising Brachythemis contaminata (Fabricius, 1793) from West Bengal, India, Including Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Odonaticola.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeSeptate gregarines are widespread in insects but remain largely unexplored in odonates, with only ~ 1% of odonate species investigated and minimal molecular or ultrastructural data available. The present study characterises a septate gregarine parasitising Brachythemis contaminata using modern microscopy and phylogenetic analysis to clarify its taxonomic placement and improve understanding of the genus Odonaticola.
methodsFixation was performed using Schaudinn’s solution, followed by staining with Heidenhain’s haematoxylin; SEM involved glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation. SSU rDNA was amplified, sequenced, and analysed using the neighbour-joining method.
resultsTrophozoites are elongated (321.12 ± 50.63 μm). Epimerite complex (111.58 ± 18.24 μm) comprising an umbrella-shaped epimerite proper bearing nine petaloid spines and a cylindrical diamerite. Gamonts are solitary and elongated (362.13 ± 65.91 μm), with a broadly obpanduriform protomerite featuring an elevated apical zone and a narrowly ovoid deutomerite. Nucleus broadly orbicular to elliptoid (45.48 ± 5.38 μm × 35.06 ± 5.51 μm), containing multiple karyosomes. Both stages exhibit longitudinal epicytic folds (~ 5–6 folds/µm), except the epimerite proper, which has undulating ridges and grooves. Gametocysts are orbicular (360.78 ± 31.32 μm), surrounded by a thick ectocyst, and dehisce by simple rupture. Oocysts are tetrahedral (7.13–8.82 μm), with projections bearing terminal sucker-like structure. Phylogenetic analysis places Odonaticola nonapetalis n. sp. as an independently branching lineage within Actinocephalidae (bootstrap = 88%), with a long terminal branch (0.050), indicating strong divergence.
conclusionCombined morphological and molecular data support the recognition of Odonaticola nonapetalis n. sp. as a novel species and justify an emended diagnosis of the genus Odonaticola.
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