Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42068441›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2026

Functionalized BMP-2-loaded microspheres combined with a PCL biomimetic scaffold for guiding root development in immature permanent teeth: fabrication and in vitro assessment.

Zhenyu Yang, Mengyao Yang, Jiaxue Ye, Xiaoyue Lei, Xiaodan Huo, Zirui Qin, Linlong Qi, Yiduo Chen, Yuan Wang, Shuli Deng

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zhenyu Yang *Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Mengyao Yang *Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Jiaxue Ye *Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Xiaoyue LeiStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Xiaodan HuoThe State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
Zirui QinStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Linlong QiStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Yiduo ChenStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Yuan WangStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China. yuanwang@zju.edu.cn.
Shuli DengStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China. dengshuli@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang under Grant 2022C03060
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPulp necrosis in immature permanent teeth arrests root development and compromises long-term prognosis. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional scaffold integrating structural biomimicry, mechanical matching, and sustained growth factor release for orderly root regeneration. MATERIALS AND

methodsA poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) conical scaffold was fabricated via melt electrowriting (MEW) combined with mechanical winding. Bone morphogenetic protein‑2 (BMP‑2)-loaded microspheres were prepared and physically incorporated into the scaffold. The scaffold surface was modified with collagen. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were cultured on the scaffold to evaluate proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation.

resultsThe scaffold exhibited a trilayer "collagen-microsphere-PCL" architecture with mechanical compatibility (elastic modulus: 22.5 MPa; fracture strength: 5.29 MPa; elongation: 441.59%). Microspheres (2.86 ± 0.45 μm) showed a gradient distribution and sustained release (70-75% over 90 days). In vitro, the scaffold promoted hDPSC adhesion and proliferation and significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation with elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, upregulated the expression of osteogenic-related genes, and increased protein levels.

conclusionsThe scaffold integrates structural support, controlled growth factor delivery, and a bioactive interface, offering a promising strategy for root development in immature permanent teeth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: By enabling physiological root development, the scaffold addresses a critical unmet need, offering a viable alternative to conventional root canal therapy.

Indexed as

Biomimetic MaterialsBone Morphogenetic Protein 2MicrospheresPolyestersTissue ScaffoldsTooth RootCell AdhesionCell DifferentiationCell ProliferationCells, CulturedDental PulpHumansIn Vitro TechniquesMaterials TestingMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningOsteogenesisBone Morphogenetic Protein 2polycaprolactonePolyestersBone morphogenetic protein‑2 (BMP‑2)Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs)Immature permanent teethPoly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheresPoly(ε‑caprolactone) (PCL)Root development

Identifiers

PMID42068441

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.