ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2026
Evaluation of the predictive and prognostic potential of blood immune cell profiles in metastatic cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have transformed the treatment of metastatic malignancies, yet only 20-40% of unselected patients benefit. Peripheral blood could offer a minimally invasive and dynamic source for predictive biomarkers of ICI therapy.This study evaluated circulating immune cell frequencies and phenotypes before and during ICI therapy to identify tumor-agnostic blood-based biomarkers. We analyzed routine blood immune cell counts in a retrospective cohort of 202 patients treated with ICIs. Next, we investigated the findings in a prospectively collected cohort of 45 patients using multiparametric flow cytometry for characterization of immune cell subsets. We considered early radiological response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) as clinical outcomes.Higher pre-treatment monocyte and lower lymphocyte counts were consistently associated with inferior PFS and OS but not with early radiological response in the retrospective cohort. In the prospective cohort, detailed immunophenotyping identified elevated pre-treatment frequencies of intermediate (CD14⁺CD16⁺) monocytes as a marker of poorer PFS and OS. Within lymphocyte subsets, higher T cell frequencies were associated with better OS, and a higher pre-treatment frequency of CD226-expressing CD8⁺ memory T cells with better ICI response. ICI therapy induced increase in TIGIT
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.