ReviewCancer medicine2026
Different Immune Cells Modified With Chimeric Antigen Receptors Are Being Applied to Ovarian Cancer: Which Is the Most Effective?
Review in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03585764 (Phase I Clinical Trial of Adoptive Transfer of Autologous Folate Receptor - Alpha Redirected T Cells for Recurrent High Grade Serous Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase I Clinical Trial of Adoptive Transfer of Autologous Folate Receptor - Alpha Redirected T Cells for Recurrent High Grade Serous Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer (OC), the deadliest gynecological malignancy, poses a major therapeutic challenge in advanced stages owing to its high recurrence rate and metastatic potential. In this regard, it is noteworthy that immunotherapy has recently gained significant attention in OC treatment, a phenomenon attributable to notable advances in over-the-counter Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-based cell therapy. At the heart of CAR-T Cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy is genetically modified CAR molecules that enable immune cells to target and recognize tumor antigens. Based on such strategies, CAR-T therapies have developed rapidly in hematological oncology and are gradually being extended to solid tumors. Despite their potential in OC treatment, several factors, including off-target effects attributable to the lack of Tumor-Specific Antigens (TSAs), as well as severe side effects such as tumor immune barriers, Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), and neurotoxicity, have been established to limit the clinical use of CAR-T therapies. Moreover, compared to CAR-T, CAR-Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-Macrophage (M) therapies have distinct advantages. The killing mechanism of NK cells integrates both CAR-dependent and non-dependent pathways, avoiding severe CRS and neurotoxicity. Furthermore, besides directly phagocytosing tumors due to its strong ability to infiltrate tumors, CAR-M therapy could also effectively improve the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment (IME) via immunomodulatory factor secretion to remodel M2-type Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) into the M1 phenotype with anti-tumor function. In this review, we systematically describe the research progress in CAR-T therapy for OC and compare the similarities and differences of three types of cellular therapies (CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M) regarding their mechanisms of action, clinical advantages, and technological bottlenecks. We hope that our findings will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing immunotherapeutic strategies for OC. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03585764.
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