ArticlePediatric research2026
Allied health services availability and human milk nutrition among preterm infants.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundStructural inequities in neonatal care may influence human milk (HM) feeding outcomes. We examined whether allied health service (AHS) availability differs between safety-net (sn) and non-snNICUs and its association with HM use at discharge among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
methodsPopulation-based cohort study of California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC) data (2022-2023) for infants born <29 weeks' gestation or <1500 g birth weight (BW). Multivariable models assessed associations between AHS availability (lactation, occupational/physical therapy, social work, psychology) and HM use at discharge, adjusting for infant, maternal, and hospital factors.
resultsAmong 138 NICUs, 35% were snNICUs; 64% of VLBW infants were discharged home. AHS availability did not differ between sn and non-snNICUs. Individual AHS availability was not associated with increased HM use, while greater cumulative AHS availability was associated with lower HM use. HM use at discharge was higher in non-snNICUs (70.2% vs. 63.1%, p < 0.001). Higher infant gestation, BW, Apgar score, maternal Asian race, absence of infection and prenatal care were positive predictors; maternal Black and Hispanic race were negative predictors.
conclusionsCumulative NICU AHS availability was not associated with higher HM use. Structural presence of AHS alone may not reflect integration into effective feeding practices. IMPACT: This statewide analysis examined relationships between allied health service (AHS) availability and human milk (HM) nutrition among preterm infants in California NICUs. Contrary to expectations, AHS availability did not differ between safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals. Individual AHS availability showed no association with HM use at discharge, while greater cumulative AHS availability correlated with lower HM use. Findings challenge assumptions that more AHS automatically improves HM outcomes and highlight the need to evaluate how allied health resources are integrated, coordinated, and aligned with family-centered lactation support in the NICU.
Identifiers
42067654What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.