Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42066780›Full record

Trial reportThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2026

Safety and immunogenicity of a single-dose adenovirus-vectored rabies vaccine over 1 year in adults and children in Tanzania: interim data from an ongoing, partly randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2 trial.

Adam J Ritchie, Omary Hassan, Nsiande Urasa, Paschal A Apanga, Rinter Kimathi, Wilmina F Kalinga, Ivanny M Mtaka, Reward G Lyimo, Moshi Moshi Shabani, Francisco Orliacq and 8 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialClinical Trial, Phase IClinical Trial, Phase II
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Adam J RitchieJenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: adam.ritchie@ndm.ox.ac.uk.
Omary HassanInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Nsiande UrasaInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Paschal A ApangaJenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rinter KimathiJenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Wilmina F KalingaInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Ivanny M MtakaInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Reward G LyimoInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Moshi Moshi ShabaniInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Francisco OrliacqJenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Adam BergJenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
ZhiQuan XiangWistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Saumu AhmedInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Thabit AthumanInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Hildegund C J ErtlWistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Ally OlotuInterventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
Alexander D DouglasJenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
RAB002 study team

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRabies kills approximately 59 000 people each year. ChAdOx2 RabG, a simian adenovirus-vectored rabies vaccine candidate, has the potential to provide low-cost, single-dose pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx2 RabG, including in comparison to a currently licensed vaccine.

methodsWe performed a single-centre, age de-escalation, dose-escalation, partly randomised, open-label, phase 1b/2 trial. Healthy adults (18-45 years) and children (2-6 years) who were rabies vaccine-naive and from the semi-urban Bagamoyo area in Tanzania were recruited through a series of community meetings. Adults were first enrolled into a group receiving 2·5 × 10

findingsBetween March 3, 2022, and March 9, 2023, 63 adults (three in the middle-dose ChAdOx2 RabG group, 45 in the full-dose ChAdOx2 RabG group, and 15 in the single-visit IRV group) and 111 children (three each in the low-dose and middle-dose ChAdOx2 RabG groups, 45 in the full-dose ChAdOx2 RabG group, 30 in the single-visit IRV group, and 30 in the two-visit IRV group) were enrolled. Participants reported predominantly mild-to-moderate reactogenicity, most commonly injection-site pain or feverishness, and no serious adverse reactions. In adults, geometric mean VNA titres on day 365 were 2·0 (95% CI 1·4-2·9) after single-visit, full-dose ChAdOx2 RabG vaccination and 0·4 (0·2-0·7) after single-visit IRV vaccination (geometric mean ratio 5·1 [95% CI 2·5-10·4]; p<0·0001). In children, geometric mean VNA titres on day 365 were 6·1 (4·5-8·2) after single-visit, full-dose ChAdOx2 RabG vaccination and 0·7 (0·5-1·1) after single-visit IRV vaccination (geometric mean ratio 8·6 [5·4-13·9]; p<0·0001). In a post-hoc analysis, day-365 VNA titres in children who received ChAdOx2 RabG exceeded titres in those who received two-visit IRV (geometric mean 3·0 [95% CI 2·2-4·1]; geometric mean ratio 2·0 [1·3-3·1]; p=0·0028).

interpretationThe ChAdOx2 RabG vaccine was safe and well tolerated in Tanzanian adults and children. It achieved robust attainment and maintenance of VNA responses, with titres at day 365 exceeding the correlate of protection (VNA ≥0·5 IU/mL) and titres in licensed vaccine comparator groups. ChAdOx2 RabG might be an option for lower-cost, easier-to-deliver pre-exposure prophylaxis for people in rabies-endemic areas, extending the range of contexts in which pre-exposure prophylaxis is considered a cost-effective option for rabies prevention.

fundingUK Medical Research Council. TRANSLATION: For the Swahili translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Indexed as

Adenoviruses, SimianImmunogenicity, VaccineRabiesRabies VaccinesAdolescentAdultAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRabies virusTanzaniaAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralRabies Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID42066780
PMCPMC13391811

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.