ArticleCell2026
An anaerobic pathogen rewires host metabolism to fuel oxidative growth in the inflamed gut.
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Article in Cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4citing papers in PubMed
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Convergent Gut Microbiome Remodeling Across Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Longevity Reveals a Shared Ecological Signature of Aging and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Orally available designed miniproteins inhibit enterotoxigenicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rational engineering of facultative anaerobiosis enables commensal survival in the oxygenated gut.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Luisella SpigaDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Ryan T FanslerDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Yifan WuDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Alexandra GroteInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Madison Langford-ButlerDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Asia K MillerDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Maxwell NealDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Owen F HaleVanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Deepanshu SinglaDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
M Wade CalcuttMass Spectrometry Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Abigail E RoseDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Madeline M BressonDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Alexandra C Schrimpe-RutledgeCenter for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Brittany BerdyInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Simona G CodreanuCenter for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Mary Kay WashingtonDepartment of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Benjamin P BrattonDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Stacy D SherrodCenter for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
John A McLeanCenter for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Karsten ZenglerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Cynthia L SearsDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Megan G BehringerDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Andreas GnirkeInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lili TaoDivision of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Jonathan LivnyInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Danyvid Olivares-VillagómezVanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Ashlee M EarlInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: aearl@broadinstitute.org.
Wenhan ZhuDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: wenhan.zhu@vumc.org.
Funding
Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Research ProgramP30CA068485 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Ben Ho Park · 1995 to 2026
$172.8MViral Genomics: evolution, spread, and host interactionsU19AI110818 · NIAID · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI PARK, DANIEL JOHN · 2014 to 2024
$66.5MTranslational Analysis CoreP30DK058404 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI MARY Kay WASHINGTON · 2002 to 2026
$29.9MNational Metabolomics Data Repository - nextgen Metabolomics WorkbenchU2CDK119886 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SUBRAMANIAM, SHANKAR · 2018 to 2021
$12.7MBiomedical Data Commons Workbench (BDCW)OT2OD030544 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SUBRAMANIAM, SHANKAR · 2020 to 2024
$3.2MCommensal resilience mechanisms in the inflamed intestineR35GM147470 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Wenhan Zhu · 2022 to 2026
$2.2MWeb Portal CoreU2CDK119889 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI CONLON, MICHAEL, GARRETT, TIMOTHY J · 2018 to 2021
$1.9MUsing Experimental Evolution to Evaluate Environmental Effects on Microbial Mutation and AdaptationR35GM150625 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI Megan Grace Behringer · 2023 to 2026
$1.8MCommensal bacteria resilience mechanisms in the inflamed intestineR01DK134692 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Wenhan Zhu · 2023 to 2026
$1.4MTuricibacter modifies intestinal infection severity by modulating intestinal metabolitesR21AI187749 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Wenhan Zhu · 2025 to 2026
$481kIron homeostasis in sustaining commensal resilience in the inflamed gutF31AI178950 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI Ryan T Fansler · 2024 to 2026
$105kNCI NIH HHS P30 CA068485NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI178950NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI187749NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI110818NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK058404NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK134692NIDDK NIH HHS U2C DK119886NIDDK NIH HHS U2C DK119889NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM147470NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM150625NIH HHS OT2 OD030544
Abstract
To colonize their host and cause disease, enteric pathogens must deploy their virulence factors to establish distinct nutrient niches. How anaerobic pathogens construct nutrient niches in the densely populated large intestine remains poorly understood. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is a classically anaerobic bacterium implicated in inflammation-associated diseases, including colitis and colorectal cancer. Here, we show that ETBF uses its virulence factor, Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT), to generate and adapt to a localized oxidative niche that supports gut colonization. BFT manipulates colonic epithelial signaling and the bile acid recycling pathway, inducing a metabolic shift in the epithelium from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. This shift increases local concentrations of lactate and oxygen, nutrients that support oxidative metabolism in ETBF. These findings reveal an unexpected strategy by which a classically anaerobic pathogen leverages host metabolic remodeling to generate and exploit an oxidative niche in the inflamed gut.
Indexed as
Bacteroides fragilisAnaerobiosisAnimalsBacterial ToxinsBacteroides InfectionsBile Acids and SaltsColitisColonGlycolysisHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansInflammationMetalloendopeptidasesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLOxidation-ReductionBacterial ToxinsBacteroides fragilis toxinBile Acids and SaltsMetalloendopeptidasesVirulence Factorsbile acid recyclingcolonocyte metabolismenterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilisobligate anaerobeoxidative metabolism
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.