ArticleInternational dental journal2026
Gingiva-Derived Decellularised Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Supports Osteogenic and Angiogenic Phenotypes of 3D STRO-1
Article in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND
aimsStem cell-based bone tissue engineering is often limited by insufficient osteogenic differentiation and inadequate vascularisation, largely attributable to the absence of a biomimetic stem cell niche. This study aimed to develop a human gingiva-derived decellularised extracellular matrix hydrogel (G-dECM) as a supportive microenvironment for three-dimensional (3D) coculture spheroids of STRO-1⁺ gingival mesenchymal stem cells (sGMSC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), thereby promoting the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic markers.
methodsHuman gingival tissue was processed through decellularisation, enzymatic digestion, and sol-gel transformation to prepare G-dECM hydrogel. Composite 3D sGMSC/HUVEC spheroids (GHS) were generated and encapsulated within G-dECM. Morphological assessment, viability evaluation, and osteogenic differentiation analyses were conducted. Transcriptomic profiling was performed to identify G-dECM-associated regulatory signalling pathways.
resultsG-dECM exhibited a porous, collagen-rich structure enriched with bioactive ECM proteins. Encapsulation of GHS within G-dECM enhanced cellular viability, promoted the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic markers, and improved spheroid structural integrity compared with matrix-free controls. Transcriptomic analysis revealed activation of TGF-β/SMAD and BMP signalling pathways associated with osteogenic differentiation.
conclusionG-dECM provides a biomimetic stem cell niche that supports the osteogenic and angiogenic phenotypes of 3D sGMSC/HUVEC spheroids, establishing an integrated regenerative graft system combining seed cells, scaffold, and endogenous signalling cues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This G-dECM-based composite graft strategy offers a promising translational approach for the regeneration of alveolar bone defects associated with periodontal disease, trauma, or tooth extraction.
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