Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42066084›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Augmenting ultrasound for continuous glucose monitoring via a wearable acoustically readable microneedle patch.

Wanglinhan Zhang, Jiangang Xu, Xinjia Li, Yeji Jang, Qiqi Liu, Weixin Ma, Guojie Luo, Ming Ma, Qingqing Wang, Yi He and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Wanglinhan ZhangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.ORCID 0000-0002-8134-4117
Jiangang XuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.ORCID 0000-0003-2662-7621
Xinjia LiState Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID 0009-0005-1026-9841
Yeji JangSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0009-0001-2858-7638
Qiqi LiuState Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Weixin MaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.ORCID 0000-0003-1803-2812
Guojie LuoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.ORCID 0000-0002-8245-2531
Ming MaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Qingqing WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.ORCID 0000-0003-0266-4452
Yi HeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.ORCID 0000-0003-3447-0249
Qi YuanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.ORCID 0009-0005-6852-1499
Jae-Woong JeongSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-7607-5453
Long MengState Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6447-8079
Zhongqing SuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.ORCID 0000-0003-1524-0026

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) represents substantial advancement, yet poses a challenge in wearable health care development. Current enzymatic CGM faces limitations in stability, cost, and durability. We introduce an enzyme-free, wearable acoustically readable microneedle patch (ARMPatch) composed of glucose-responsive hydrogel. Positioned between a standard ultrasound probe and the skin, ARMPatch acts as an acoustic interface enabling CGM using conventional ultrasound. Its hydrogel microneedles minimally penetrate the epidermis, allowing interstitial fluid to trigger variable swelling of the microneedles in response to glucose fluctuations. ARMPatch delivers stable and selective glucose readings for up to 56 days. Glucose variations with millimolar resolution are obtained via ultrasound within a response time of 30 to 60 minutes. In vivo CGM in animal models for 7 days reveals a reversible correlation between microneedle swelling and glucose variations. Acting as "accessory" for standard ultrasound probes, this approach offers a minimally invasive, cost-effective, and long-lasting solution to non-enzymatic CGM, expanding the utility of ultrasound in wearable biosensing.

Indexed as

Continuous Glucose MonitoringUltrasonicsAcousticsAnimalsExtracellular FluidGlucoseHydrogelsMaleMiceMice, NudeGlucoseHydrogels

Identifiers

PMID42066084
PMCPMC13134621

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.