ReviewFrontiers in plant science2026
Global meta-analysis of plasma-activated water for improving crop establishment, productivity, and health.
Review in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Plasma-activated water (PAW) has emerged as a promising eco-friendly technology and a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture due to its role in plant growth, nutrition, and disease suppression. To comprehensively evaluate its effectiveness, a meta-analysis was conducted using published studies comprising diverse crops, experimental conditions, and PAW generation chemistry. Log response ratios (LnRR) and pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and forest plots were generated for each response variable. Results revealed that PAW application significantly improved plant growth and pigment content (chlorophyll a, b, and c and carotenoids), along with total soluble solids (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and total phenolic content (TPC) supporting improved metabolic activity. Moreover, a significant reduction in disease incidence and severity under PAW application ensured enhanced plant defense responses. Plasma activation altered water chemistry by lowering pH and increasing electrical conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, H
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