ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
ACSL4 as a context-dependent metabolic switch in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for ferroptosis and immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by profound lipid metabolic rewiring that supports tumor growth, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. Among lipid metabolic regulators, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) has emerged as a pivotal determinant of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) activation and membrane phospholipid remodeling. Accumulating evidence reveals a functional duality of ACSL4 in HCC. On one hand, ACSL4 amplifies lipogenic transcriptional programs, enhances fatty acid oxidation-mediated energy adaptation, and cooperates with oncogenic signaling networks to promote tumor proliferation and survival, particularly under nutrient stress such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). On the other hand, ACSL4-driven enrichment of PUFA-containing phospholipids establishes the biochemical foundation for ferroptosis, sensitizing tumor cells to sorafenib and CD8
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