SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Global landscape of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder clinical trials: trends in therapies, geography, and outcomes.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease for which several targeted therapies have emerged in recent years. A systematic overview of registered clinical trials can clarify development trends and research priorities. Methods: We searched the Trialtrove database for interventional NMOSD trials registered up to August 15, 2025. Eligible studies were analyzed for trial phase, status, geography, therapeutic agents, and primary endpoints. Results: A total of 141 trials met inclusion criteria. Phase I studies were most common (35.8%), while phase III trials (14.2%) exceeded standalone phase II designs (13.3%). Nearly half were completed, though 31.9% lacked public results. China (64.5%) and the United States (24.8%) led global activity. Therapeutic programs focused on B-cell depletion (34.0%), complement C5 inhibition (17.6%), and IL-6 receptor blockade (10.9%), with BTK inhibitors and other novel approaches emerging. Primary endpoints emphasized safety and relapse prevention, while visual outcomes, patient-reported measures, and biomarkers were rarely included. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings illustrate the rapid expansion of NMOSD clinical research, alongside persistent gaps in transparency and trial design. NMOSD research has expanded rapidly, driven by biologics and regulatory momentum. Future trials should strengthen transparency, address recruitment challenges, and broaden outcome measures to better reflect patient needs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.