ArticleJournal of medical ultrasound
Impact of Three-dimensional-printed Skull Inserts of Different Thickness on Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Heating in a Head Phantom.
Article in Journal of medical ultrasound. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The application of transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) for brain tissue ablation is limited by the significant challenges in ultrasound energy transmission through the skull. Objectives: The current study utilizes an anatomically accurate gel-filled skull phantom to investigate FUS transmission through three-dimensional (3D)-printed uniformly thin skull inserts, exploring the potential of a new therapeutic approach. Methods: The skull model was 3D printed using resin material, featuring a circular aperture for securing various skull inserts, and filled with an agar-silica gel mixture. Skull inserts of uniform thicknesses (1, 2, and 3 mm) and an anatomically accurate model featuring variable thickness, were tested. The impact of introducing each skull insert into the beam path during high-intensity FUS in the phantom was evaluated in terms of focal temperature elevation and lesion formation. These parameters were monitored through high-resolution imaging and thermometry within a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The results of sonication without skull interference served as reference. Results: FUS transmission was significantly distorted by the presence of skull inserts, with increasing thickness leading to a gradual reduction in the focal temperature. A large hyperintense lesion on T2-weighted turbo spin-echo images without skull interference diminished to a very small lesion with the 1-mm insert, while only a faint indication was observed with the 2-mm insert. However, temperature changes sufficient to cause tissue ablation were achieved using the 1-mm insert. Conclusion: The superior performance of the 1-mm resin insert suggests potential for new therapeutic applications using thin skull implants to enable FUS brain tumor ablation, pending further validation.
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