ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Empowerment of solitude: interactive impact of positive solitude, self-esteem, and hope on college students' life orientation.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between positive solitude (PS) and life orientation among Chinese college students, and the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of hope in this relationship. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 830 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students. The validated instruments-including the Positive Solitude Behavior Scale (PSBS), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Adult Trait Hope Scale (ATHS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)-were used to assess the constructs of interest. Gender was included as a covariate in all analytical models. Results: (1) After controlling for gender, positive solitude exhibited a significant positive direct effect on life orientation, (2) self-esteem significantly mediated the relationship between positive solitude and life orientation, and (3) hope moderated the first stage of this mediation pathway-specifically, higher levels of hope strengthened the positive association between positive solitude and self-esteem, thereby amplifying the indirect effect of positive solitude on life orientation through self-esteem. Conclusion: Positive solitude contributes to enhanced life orientation among college students both directly and indirectly by bolstering self-esteem. Moreover, dispositional hope is a salient psychological resource that intensifies this indirect pathway, underscoring its protective and facilitative function in promoting adaptive developmental outcomes.
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