ArticleJSES international2026
Teres minor circle and subscapularis lengthening patterns during forward elevation in lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.
Article in JSES international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) designs aim to restore tension and function of the deltoid and remaining rotator cuff. Although the role of the subscapularis (SSC) is established in the native shoulder and after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, its repair after rTSA remains controversial. The teres minor (TM) is considered a principal contributor to external rotation in rTSA, particularly when the infraspinatus (ISP) is insufficient, yet its length-tension behavior across forward elevation has not been characterized. Methods: Fifteen preoperative computed tomography scans from patients undergoing rTSA were used to generate three-dimensional shoulder models. rTSA was simulated using 4 lateralized implant configurations differing in glenoid baseplate position and neck-shaft angle (NSA): (1) a Frankle-type configuration with a centrally positioned ("high") glenoid baseplate and a 135° NSA; (2) an inferiorly positioned (flush with the lower border of the glenoid) baseplate with a 135° NSA; (3) an inferiorly positioned baseplate with a 145° NSA; and (4) an inferiorly positioned baseplate with a 155° NSA. Forward elevation from 0° to 120° at 20° abduction and 0° rotation was analyzed. Muscle-tendon length changes were computed for TM, SSC, ISP, and deltoid. Outcomes included biphasic prevalence, circle angle (the forward-elevation angle at which muscle length transitions from shortening to lengthening), and curvature. Results: SSC consistently lengthened with forward elevation across all 4 lateralized rTSA designs. All TM curves (60/60, 100%) were biphasic, with early shortening followed by lengthening. The median TM circle angle occurred at 50° [44-56] and curvature was -0.015 (95% confidence interval -0.016 to -0.015). In comparison, ISP was biphasic in 80% (48/60), SSC in 45% (27/60), and deltoid in 38% (23/60). Median circle angles were 77° [71-83] for ISP, 38° [25-52] for SSC, and 33° [23-45] for deltoid. TM exhibited a significantly earlier circle angle than ISP (-26.9°, 95% confidence interval -32.2 to -21.7) and greater curvature than all other muscles. These patterns were preserved across 135°, 145°, and 155° designs. Conclusion: This study confirms SSC lengthening during forward elevation across lateralized rTSA designs and describes a novel biphasic length-tension pattern of the TM circle. These findings provide a biomechanical rationale for SSC repair vulnerability and highlight the functional contribution of the TM to external rotation in elevated positions after rTSA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.