Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42063462›Full record

ArticleMilitary Medical Research2026

Engineering of functional auditory neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Minjin Jeong, Lucas G Vattino, Maja Djurisic, Kevin P Rose, Hiroshi Hyakusoku, Svetolik Spasic, Xiao-Jie Ma, Hiroaki Mohri, Ronna Hertzano, Anne E Takesian and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Military Medical Research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Minjin JeongDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Lucas G VattinoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Maja DjurisicDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Kevin P RoseSection on Omics and Translational Science of Hearing, Neurotology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Hiroshi HyakusokuDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Svetolik SpasicDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Xiao-Jie MaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Hiroaki MohriDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Ronna HertzanoSection on Omics and Translational Science of Hearing, Neurotology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Anne E TakesianDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Konstantina M StankovicDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.

Funding

Diverse Cortical Layer 1 Circuits forAuditory Processing and PlasticityR01DC018353 · NIDCD · MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY · PI ANNE E TAKESIAN · 2020 to 2026
$3.2M
The gEAR portal - Advancing Data Sharing, Analysis and Discovery for Hearing and Balance ResearchU01DC019370 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MAHURKAR, ANUP · 2023 to 2025
$1.8M
Division of Intramural Research fund DC000094-01NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC018353NIDCD NIH HHS U01 DC019370
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) relay auditory sensory information from the cochlea to the brain. Their loss results in permanent hearing impairment in humans due to their limited regenerative capacity. Progress in hearing restoration has been constrained by the inaccessibility of human inner ear tissue and challenges in generating functionally mature human SGN-like neurons from stem cells Methods: To generate human SGN-like neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we recapitulated key signaling pathways involved in human inner ear development. On day (D) 11 of differentiation, nerve growth factor receptor-positive cells (precursors of pre-placodal ectoderm and neural crest) were isolated using magnetic sorting. From D18 to D25, cultures were treated with sonic hedgehogs to induce otic neural progenitors. Neuronal maturation was subsequently promoted by a cocktail of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and insulin-like growth factor-1, which supports SGN development. Cellular identity and functionality were assessed using single-cell RNA sequencing, immunocytochemistry, whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, co-culture assays, and calcium ion (Ca²⁺) imaging. Results: hiPSC-derived SGN-like neurons exhibited morphological, molecular, electrophysiological, and functional characteristics of SGNs Conclusions: This study reports a robust and reproducible protocol for generating human SGN-like neurons from hiPSCs, providing a versatile platform for studying human auditory development, disease modeling, drug screening, and cell-based therapies for hearing restoration.

Indexed as

Induced Pluripotent Stem CellsNeuronsTissue EngineeringCell DifferentiationHumansNeurodevelopmentSpiral GanglionAuditory neuronsCochleaHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)Inner earSpiral ganglion neurons (SGNs)

Identifiers

PMID42063462
PMCPMC13127150

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.