Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42062460›Full record

ReviewNPJ digital medicine2026

Empowering surgeons with integrated synthetic data: solutions for mastering complex clinical scenarios.

Yann Sakref, Lalithkumar Seenivasan, Hao Ding, Ruhika Iyer, Danush Kumar Venkatesh, Stefanie Speidel, Mathias Unberath, Jeffrey K Jopling, Lisa Marie Knowlton

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ digital medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yann SakrefDepartment of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA. ysakref@stanford.edu.
Lalithkumar SeenivasanDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Hao DingDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Ruhika IyerDepartment of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Danush Kumar VenkateshDepartment of Translational Surgical Oncology, NCT/UCC Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden, HZDR, Dresden, Germany.
Stefanie SpeidelDepartment of Translational Surgical Oncology, NCT/UCC Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden, HZDR, Dresden, Germany.
Mathias UnberathDepartment of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Jeffrey K JoplingDepartment of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Lisa Marie KnowltonDepartment of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA.

Funding

Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space in DAAD 57616814
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Synthetic data generation across domains can bridge gaps between visual training, skill development, and personalized surgical planning, ultimately transforming how surgeons and artificial intelligence (AI) systems prepare for the complexities of the operating room. In this Perspective, we explore applications of synthetic data to advance surgical education and AI across three key areas: visual data synthesis for training surgeons and AI systems, surgical simulation for skill development and robotics, and digital twins for patient-specific surgical planning and guidance. These domains have largely remained siloed, but their integration has the potential to transform surgical training and AI development across the entire surgical workflow. To fully realize this potential, synthetic data must extend beyond routine surgical events to model atypical anatomy and intraoperative complications-the high-stakes clinical scenarios where enhanced training and AI support are most critical.

Identifiers

PMID42062460
PMCPMC13338184

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.