ArticleScientific reports2026
Tensile performance modeling and process optimization of AA6061-T6/WC surface nanocomposites developed via friction stir processing.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the present investigation, friction stir processing (FSP) is implemented to develop the tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum alloy Al6061-T6. The tensile properties of the Al6061-T6/WC surface nanocomposite were evaluated in relation to the volume fraction of WC nanoparticles, the number of passes, rotation speed, and traverse speed. The experiments were designed using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). For identifying the significant variables and interaction implications, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. The models generated demonstrate that rotating speed is the most significant variable and transverse speed is of little importance. Heat input to FSP increases as traverse speed decreases and tool rotational speed increases. Increasing the number of FSP passes effectively broke the coarse and dendritic clusters, refined the matrix grains, and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) resulting in equiaxed grains that, through restricted dislocation activity, exhibit tensile behavior. Furthermore, the extreme plastic deformation and heat production during FSP results in the breakage of WC particles and coarse particles, the removal of porous holes, and DRX of an ultrafine grain-sized structure. The optimized surface nanocomposite with the highest tensile strength (315 MPa), yield strength (221 MPa), and elongation (9.7%) was achieved at volume fraction 2%, number of passes 5, rotation speed 1000 rpm, and traverse speed 30 mm/min. The surface composite that developed has been identified as an appropriate material for the automotive, aerospace, marine, defense, and transportation sectors, among others, that require lightweight and improved surface qualities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.