ArticleScientific reports2026
Environmental coherence framework for multi-sensor remote sensing: water hyacinth assessment in Lake Tana.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Invasive water hyacinth threatens Lake Tana, Ethiopia-the source of the Blue Nile. This study presents the first comprehensive 11-year (2013-2024) remote sensing assessment of the water hyacinth invasion dynamics. It introduces a novel environmental coherence framework-grounded in established indirect validation paradigms-to evaluate 11 multisensor algorithms (using Landsat 8/9, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 data) against hydro-meteorological drivers, providing an ecologically grounded validation alternative when systematic field surveys are impractical. This environmental coherence framework identified Sentinel-2 NDVI and NDVI + FAI as the best indicators, achieving the highest relative environmental coherence scores among the 11 indicators tested. The time series generated by this framework follows a complex 'boom-bust' invasion cycle, with a peak phase (2018-2019), a subsequent decline, and a recent resurgence. Our findings establish a replicable, Google Earth Engine based workflow for monitoring aquatic invasions in data-scarce tropical regions and provide critical, data-driven insights for targeted environmental management.
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