Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42062297›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Crystallized and fluid cognitive abilities have different genetic associations with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Diego Londono-Correa, Javier de la Fuente, Gail Davies, Simon R Cox, Ian J Deary, K Paige Harden, Elliot M Tucker-Drob

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Diego Londono-CorreaDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. dielondono@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1629-590X
Javier de la FuenteDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-7104
Gail DaviesLothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1120-7026
Simon R CoxLothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4036-3642
Ian J DearyLothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-263X
K Paige HardenDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1557-6737
Elliot M Tucker-DrobDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-6237

Funding

Dissecting the Multivariate Genetic Architecture of Psychiatric DiseasesR01MH120219 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI NIVARD, MICHEL GUILLAUME, TUCKER-DROB, ELLIOT MAX · 2020 to 2024
$3.3M
Large-Scale Genomic Analysis of Aging-Related Cognitive Change Prior to Dementia OnsetR01AG073593 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI TUCKER-DROB, ELLIOT MAX · 2024 to 2025
$1.3M
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01AG073593U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01MH120219
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous research on the genetic links between cognition and psychopathology has largely treated cognitive function as unitary, in part due to a lack of well-powered genome-wide association studies on specific cognitive domains, particularly crystallized knowledge (also known as crystallized intelligence). Here, we parse the genetics of cognitive test performance into components representing reaction time, fluid reasoning, and crystallized knowledge. This multivariate approach allows us to report results from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of crystallized knowledge (N ~ 439,000). We report that multiple neuropsychiatric disorders (Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Alzheimer's Disease) are also genetically correlated with these three cognitive domains, and with a non-cognitive factor associated with educational attainment, with genetic correlations differing in both magnitude and direction depending on the specific domain and disorder. Neuropsychiatric disorders show specific and heterogeneous patterns of genetic associations with different domains of cognitive and noncognitive function.

Indexed as

CognitionIntelligenceMental DisordersAlzheimer DiseaseAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderBipolar DisorderGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID42062297
PMCPMC13338168

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.