Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42061048›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage. Clinical2026

The specific linear or curved boundaries between WHO grade II-III insular gliomas and the basal ganglia indicate distinct biological features, survival outcomes, and surgical strategies: evidence from 330 cases.

Hongfang Zhao, Bohan Zhang, Bowen Xue, Jianfeng Liang, Changyu Lu, Zonggang Hou, Zhenye Li, Jian Xie

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Article in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hongfang ZhaoCapital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: 929812587@qq.com.
Bohan ZhangCapital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zbh1998@mail.ccmu.edu.cn.
Bowen XueCapital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: surgeonxbw@163.com.
Jianfeng LiangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address: liangjianfeng@pkuih.edu.cn.
Changyu LuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address: luchangyu@pkuih.edu.cn.
Zonggang HouDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: houzg2006@163.com.
Zhenye LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: drlizhenye@163.com.
Jian XieDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: xiejian0630@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWHO grade II-III insular glioma (InG) can displace the basal ganglia, resulting in distinct linear or curved boundary shapes. This study retrospectively explored this morphological distinction and its clinical relevance.

methodsMRI and clinical data were collected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital over the past 20 years. The boundary shape on the FLAIR sequence was characterized using the fractal dimension (FD) and curved parameters. Statistical analyses included the χ

resultsA total of 330 patients were included. Based on the FD, patients were classified into linear ('L'; 49%) and curved ('C'; 51%) subgroups. Compared with the L subgroup, the C subgroup exhibited more favorable biological features and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001). Using routine pathological variables, regression models were constructed to identify crucial factors in different subgroups and perform disease stratification for Statistical explanation. Internal validation supported model stability. With regard to surgical responses, although the rate of gross total resection (GTR) was higher in the L subgroup, the PFS was not increased, whereas that of the C subgroup demonstrated an increase (p < 0.001).

conclusionsThe boundary shape between WHO grade II-III InG and the basal ganglia may reflect differences in biological features, survival outcomes, and surgical responses. Thus, the boundary shape should be considered in clinical practice.

Indexed as

Basal GangliaBrain NeoplasmsGliomaInsular CortexAdultAgedFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm GradingRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultBoundary shapeInsular gliomaMorphologyPrediction valueWHO grade II–III

Identifiers

PMID42061048
PMCPMC13141764

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