ReviewIndian journal of pharmacology2026
After the green light: Evaluating drugs in Phase IV studies.
Review in Indian journal of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
abstractThe drug development process is lengthy and complex and Phase IV is a crucial phase within it. Phase IV studies are conducted after a drug has been approved by regulatory agencies to further evaluate its safety, efficacy, usefulness in special populations, new indications, and new formulations. There are many examples of Phase IV studies; not all Phase IV studies are postmarketing surveillance (PMS) studies, but every PMS study is an example of a Phase IV study. Phase IV studies are imperative as they evaluate the drug's effectiveness and performance in real-world clinical practice and premarketing trials have some inherent limitations. Phase IV studies can be observational or interventional studies, depending on the objectives of such studies. A drug utilization study is a Phase IV study; similarly, a registry is also an example of a Phase IV study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.