ReviewIndian journal of ophthalmology2026
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors in retinal and choroidal diseases - Present landscape.
Review in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) are agents that block the activity of specific bio-active molecules responsible for the growth of abnormal blood vessels. The advent of anti-VEGF therapy has revolutionized the treatment of retinal diseases. They are commonly indicated for diabetic macular edema, choroidal neovascular membrane, cystoid macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion, neovascular glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity. The commonly available anti-VEGF agents are bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab, and faricimab. The currently practiced treatment regimens include fixed dosing, pro-re-nata, and treat-and-extend. Additionally, biosimilars represent a pivotal shift, offering cost-effective alternatives without compromising therapeutic value. Studies on sustained release anti-VEGF medications like port delivery systems and biodegradable depots are yielding promising outcomes. Ongoing studies analyze the long-term effects of anti-VEGF therapy, aiming to develop next-generation agents with greater durability, efficacy, and safety. This further reduces the treatment burden and offers an extra edge in optimizing long-term visual outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of anti-VEGF therapies including their mechanism of action, efficacy and safety profiles, and landmark trials that have shaped their use in clinical practice. This was a narrative review of the literature that was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus Cochrane library databases, and Google Scholar databases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.