Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42060099›Full record

ArticleFolia microbiologica2026

Identification of a novel mutation of sat (Gly82Arg) in Shigella flexneri serotype 7a: insights into clinical relevance.

Iqbal Nisa, Muhammad Qasim, Arnold Driessen, Jeroen Nijland, Hazir Rahman, Yasar Mehmood Yousafzai, Khalid J Alzahrani, Jochen Mattner, Niaz Muhammad, Fazli Bari and 1 more

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Article in Folia microbiologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Iqbal NisaDepartment of Microbiology, Women University Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan. nisayam55@gmail.com.
Muhammad QasimDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. qasim89@gmail.com.
Arnold DriessenDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jeroen NijlandDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hazir RahmanDepartment of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Yasar Mehmood YousafzaiInstitute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Khalid J AlzahraniDepartment of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
Jochen MattnerMikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
Niaz MuhammadDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
Fazli BariDepartment of Pathology, Rehman Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Taj Ali KhanInstitute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Funding

Higher Education Commision, Pakistan FTO number 0341-3970-2018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Virulence factors can vary between Shigella (S.) flexneri serotypes. The current study characterized virulence genes among 199 S. flexneri from different serotypes in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, by sequence analysis. Moreover, using the homology model, the 3D protein structure of the serine autotransporter toxin (sat) from S. flexneri was examined for the first time to determine structural changes in the mutant sat protein. Interestingly, the present study reported that ial(spa29/spaR) gene has not shown any relationship to the previously known sequence of S. flexneri, but it has a striking resemblance to previously reported cases that were identified in Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, 15 strains of S. flexneri, all of which are members of serotype 7a, were found to carry the single-point mutation (G246A) in sat, which resulted in an exchange of amino acid (Gly82Arg). Preliminary data reveal a potential link between the sat gene mutation and severe clinical illness patients; however additional study is needed to verify this relation. Overall, the results of the mutant sat proteins homology model validation showed a slight, but not significant, alteration in protein structure.

Indexed as

MutationPakistanSat proteinsShigella flexneriVirulence genes

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.