An integrative machine learning and structure-driven drug repositioning strategy for human IRAK4-targeted cancer therapy.

The upregulation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) drives pro-tumorigenic signaling across various malignancies. Currently available IRAK4 inhibitors are all limited by suboptimal selectivity and off-target toxicity. To develop non-toxic and mechanistically focused IRAK4 inhibitors, an in silico machine learning (ML) pipeline combined with structure-driven drug repositioning was employed. An IRAK4-targeting dataset of bioactive compounds was systematically filtered and curated to train a random forest (RF) regression model. Comparative cross-validation against 41 independent ML frameworks demonstrated reasonable predictive accuracy, and the optimized model was deployed to screen a library of 1040 FDA-approved therapeutics. Orthogonal molecular docking supported the binding efficacy of RF-identified lead compounds, including udenafil, linagliptin, benflumetol, and nimodipine. Thermodynamic and conformational stability were validated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, yielding stable root mean square deviation (RMSD), radius of gyration (R