ArticleJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2026
Using the Quantifying Bilingual Language Experience Questionnaire to Identify Risk for Language Impairment in Bilingual Children.
Article in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors Affecting Communication Outcomes for Deaf and Multilingual Learners: A Systematic Review.International journal of language & communication disordersPooled it
- Associations Between Second-Language Proficiency and Executive Functions in Autistic and Neurotypical Children.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- PREVIC: An adaptive parent report measure of expressive vocabulary in children between 3 and 8 years of age.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- A Data-Driven Approach to the Issue of 'Catching Up With Monolinguals'.International journal of language & communication disordersArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeClinical triage, but also inclusive population sampling in research, requires efficient detection of children likely to be at risk for language impairment (LI), a significant challenge in the case of bilingual children. Our goal was to derive automatic risk factor indices from a parental questionnaire and compare their usefulness in initial identification of children at risk for LI.
methodAlternative risk factor indices were derived from the Quantifying Bilingual Language Experience (Q-BEx) online questionnaire backend calculator, differing in the weight and detail given to language proficiency. Each index was applied to two data sets composed of 5- to 8-year-old children: one with independent diagnosis of developmental language disorder (DLD)/typical development (TD; 109 bilingual children tested in France) and one of largely all-comer children (278 bilingual and monolingual children tested in France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom). We compared how these alternative indices predicted (likely) DLD/TD status and structural language outcomes, assessed with Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings tools, designed for bilingual children.
resultsRF4-min, a risk factor index composed of four equally weighted components (age of first word, age of first sentence, early development concerns, and strongest speaking skills between the home/heritage language and the societal language), satisfactorily separated bilingual children according to developmental status and was a significant predictor of language outcomes. This composite score showed the best balance between separability, sensitivity, and predictive value compared to indices without a proficiency component or with a more heavily weighted/detailed proficiency component.
conclusionRF4-min, a Q-BEx automatically derived composite risk factor index, yielded promising results, indicating usefulness as part of first-level triage for LI. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.32080185.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.