ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
Combined diagnostic value of NT-proBNP, DLK-1, PSP-D and PCSK-9 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a prospective biomarker study.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a formidable clinical challenge due to its intricate pathophysiology and the difficulty in early diagnosis. Traditional biomarkers for HFpEF are often insufficient in clinical practice, driving the need for more novel, sensitive diagnostic markers. Methods: Serum samples from 58 HFpEF patients and 30 healthy controls were analyzed using Olink proteomics technology. Advanced machine-learning algorithms were employed to comprehensively compare the diagnostic performance of individual biomarkers and their combinations. Results: The serum levels of DLK-1, PSP-D, and PCSK-9 in HFpEF patients were higher than those in the control group. NT-proBNP, UA and PCSK-9 were identified as risk factors for HFpEF, with regression coefficients of 0.009 for NT-proBNP, 0.006 for UA, and 1.061 for PCSK-9 respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the combination of NT-proBNP, DLK-1, PSP-D and PCSK-9 for the diagnosis of HFpEF reached 0.794. This value outperformed the AUC of the combination of PCSK-9 and NT-proBNP, 0.788, the combination of three markers (DLK-1, PSP-D, and PCSK-9, 0.622), as well as the AUCs of each of the four markers alone (NT-proBNP: 0.778, DLK-1: 0.578, PSP-D: 0.523, PCSK-9: 0.628). Conclusion: The combined detection of NT-proBNP, DLK-1, PSP-D and PCSK-9 can significantly enhance the specificity and sensitivity of the clinical diagnosis of HFpEF patients, holding great potential for improving the diagnostic accuracy of HFpEF in clinical settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.