ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Integrated inflammatory-immune-nutritional signatures differentiate lung phenotypes in systemic sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) exhibits heterogeneous pulmonary involvement, most commonly interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). How systemic inflammatory, immune, and nutritional states differ across these lung phenotypes remains incompletely understood. Objective: To characterize integrated inflammatory-immune-nutritional signatures across SSc lung phenotypes and validate their robustness using multivariable modeling and unsupervised clustering. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 314 consecutive SSc inpatients fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria (2018-2023). Patients were stratified into four lung phenotypes: ILD-/PAH- ( Results: ILD + /PAH + patients showed a higher systemic inflammatory burden, including higher ESR (38 [21-61.5] vs. 23 [10-45] mm/h, Conclusion: SSc lung phenotypes defined by ILD/PAH co-occurrence display distinct integrated inflammatory-immune-nutritional signatures. The ILD + /PAH + phenotype reflects a high-burden systemic inflammatory state, and a small set of coherent markers (ESR, triglycerides, IgA, and autoantibodies) provides a reproducible framework for phenotype-oriented stratification.
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