ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Proenkephalin a 119-159 for evaluating glomerular filtration rate and hemodialysis adequacy in patients with end-stage kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: High levels of Proenkephalin A 119-159 (PENK) have been associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in subjects with preserved kidney function, yet its clinical utility in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) remains to be established. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between PENK and GFR, and evaluate the clearance of PENK during hemodialysis (HD) in ESKD patients. Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study enrolled adult patients with ESKD undergoing maintenance HD. Plasma PENK levels were determined before (baseline) and after a single HD session using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The associations of PENK with estimated GFR (eGFR), and other markers of kidney function and heart failure were analyzed at baseline. Furthermore, changes in PENK levels during HD were evaluated to assess its dialytic clearance. Results: A total of 100 ESKD patients were enrolled. At baseline, the median eGFR and PENK level were 6.30 mL/min/1.73 m Conclusion: In this cohort of ESKD patients, plasma PENK levels showed no significant correlation with eGFR, and negligible clearance of PENK was observed during HD. These preliminary results suggested limited value of PENK for evaluating residual kidney function and dialysis adequacy in patients with ESKD. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms by which PENK is involved in kidney impairment and to characterize PENK kinetics during HD in this patient population.
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