ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Chain-specific remodeling of the γδ T-cell TCR repertoire in preterm infants with cCMV: a gestational-age-stratified case-control study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a major cause of intellectual disability. γδ T-cells contribute to early-life antiviral defense, yet their T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in preterm cCMV remains incompletely defined. Methods: We profiled the γδ T-cell TCR repertoire in preterm infants allocated to three non-overlapping groups: Congenital CMV infection (cCMV) group (n=9), Acquired CMV infection (aCMV) group (n=10), and Preterm controls (CMV-negative) (n=7). RNA was extracted from RNAlater-stabilized heel-prick whole blood. Libraries were generated using constant-region-anchored primers for TRD/TRG, multiplex target enrichment, and index PCR, and sequenced on an Illumina platform (paired-end 150 bp). Repertoire features included CDR3 length distributions, V(D)J usage, VJ pairing, and clonal diversity. Nine lineage-associated rearrangements were quantified by intercalating dye-based qPCR. Results: TRD: the 25-aa CDR3 bin was less frequent in the cCMV group versus controls, and the cCMV group showed a lower Gini index, indicating less clonal dominance (greater evenness) than controls. TRG: cCMV and aCMV differed in a length-interval-dependent manner. V-gene usage shifted by group (TRAV29/DV5 and TRAV38-2/DV8 in TRD; TRGV2/4/8/9 in TRG), and VJ pairings were more frequent in cCMV than in aCMV. The cCMV group harbored more "specific" clonotypes than controls (P = 0.020). qPCR showed higher expression of Dδ2-Dδ3, Vδ2-Jδ1, Vγ-Jγ1.3/2.3 in cCMV; the mixed Vγ9+Vγ11-Jγ1.1/2.1 signal was also elevated but requires deconvolution. Conclusions: cCMV is associated with chain-specific remodeling of the γδ T-cell repertoire in preterm infants. These data may inform molecular risk stratification in neonatal CMV. Findings should be interpreted in light of small sample size and RNA-level profiling.
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