Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42057812›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of hepatology2026

Comparative Efficacy of Bulevirtide, Interferons, and Nucleos(t)ide Analogs for Chronic Hepatitis Delta: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Rohan Karkra, Mahinaz Mohsen, Joshua E Pagán-Busigó, Ethan Shamsian, Michael Bebawy, Steven Rella, Zaid Tafesh, Paul Gaglio

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of hepatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rohan KarkraDepartment of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA, rutgers.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-2482
Mahinaz MohsenDepartment of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA, rutgers.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9974-3271
Joshua E Pagán-BusigóDepartment of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA, rutgers.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-4133
Ethan ShamsianDepartment of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA, rutgers.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4758-4226
Michael BebawyDepartment of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA, rutgers.edu.
Steven RellaDepartment of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA, rutgers.edu.
Zaid TafeshDepartment of Medicine, Division of Liver Disease & Transplant Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA, rutgers.edu.
Paul GaglioDepartment of Medicine, Division of Liver Disease & Transplant Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA, rutgers.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-3329

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) continues to be a global health concern, and the infection remains challenging to treat. Over the past few decades, pegylated interferons, typically in combination with therapy for hepatitis B, have become the standard of care, with considerable side effects and frequently unsatisfactory results. Several new therapies are emerging, including bulevirtide and lonafarnib. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of bulevirtide, interferons, and nucleos(t)ide analogs, alone or in combination, for the treatment of chronic hepatitis D. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized interventional studies assessing HDV RNA suppression, biochemical response, combined response, and histological improvement with various therapies. NMA was performed using a frequentist random-effects model. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and forest plots were generated. Results: Thirteen studies ( Conclusion: Bulevirtide and peginterferon alpha combination therapy may offer the most promising treatment for chronic hepatitis D. More studies are needed to assess the efficacy of this regimen and establish the optimum dose and duration of treatment.

Indexed as

bulevirtidechronic hepatitishepatitis Dpeginterferon alphaviral hepatitis

Identifiers

PMID42057812
PMCPMC13122728

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.