ArticleFuture science OA2026
Factors associated with drug-resistant epilepsy in adults from Southern Kazakhstan.
Article in Future science OA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionThe prevalence of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) among epilepsy patients has not decreased despite better diagnostic methods and treatment options because it affects approximately one-third of all epilepsy patients. The research aims to identify which clinical patterns and social characteristics contribute to drug resistance.
methodsThis retrospective analytical cross-sectional study included 300 patients with epilepsy in Southern Kazakhstan. The participants received their drug resistance status through ILAE criteria, which classified them into drug-sensitive (DSE) or drug-resistant groups. Patient data was studied through clinical and socio-demographic evaluations, EEG and MRI assessments, and MoCA cognitive performance tests.
resultsThe research discovered drug-resistant epilepsy in 37% of participants. The DRE patients were 35 ± 12 years old at the time of study, while DSE patients were 39 ± 15 years old (p = 0.023). The development of DRE became more likely when patients experienced their first seizure at a young age and when they had multiple seizures throughout the day (p < 0.01). The presence of MRI abnormalities increased the risk of drug resistance by 2.42 times (95% CI: 1.3-4.23) when compared to drug-sensitive epilepsy patients (p = 0.002).
conclusionThe study revealed that early seizure onset, prolonged duration, severe seizures, brain imaging abnormalities, and lower cognitive performance are related to DRE.
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