Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42057229›Full record

ArticleVeterinary research2026

Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles modulate gut microbiota metabolites and macrophage-related immune responses against Salmonella Typhimurium infection.

Yi Wu, Keyuan Chen, Ting Hu, Yaoyao Luo, Yue Zhang, Guiyan Yang, Jiufeng Wang, Yaohong Zhu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yi WuState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Keyuan ChenChina-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
Ting HuState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Yaoyao LuoState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Yue ZhangBeijing Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102629, China.
Guiyan YangState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Jiufeng WangState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Yaohong ZhuState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. zhu_yaohong@cau.edu.cn.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC3404301
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salmonella Typhimurium is a significant pathogen causing diarrhea in weaned piglets, capable of triggering systemic inflammation and severe intestinal damage. As bioactive components of gut microbiota, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Lactobacillus johnsonii (Lj-EVs) are likely to penetrate the intestinal mucus layer and reach host cells, potentially mediating host-microbiome interactions. Here, we found that Lj-EVs improved the intestinal barrier and attenuated intestinal injury in mice infected with S. Typhimurium. Multi-omics analysis showed that Lj-EVs intervention enriched mucin-utilizing Akkermansia. Moreover, Lj-EVs were associated with metabolic alterations, characterized by enhanced oxidative phosphorylation during homeostasis and suppression of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis during infection. Proteomic profiling showed that Lj-EVs enriched functional proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, indicating their potential immunomodulatory role. Notably, Lj-EVs modulated macrophage-mediated immune responses, contributing to limiting bacterial dissemination and alleviating intestinal inflammation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Lj-EVs alleviate Salmonella infection by reducing bacterial burden and confer metabolic and immunomodulatory benefits. These findings provide new evidence for future investigation of the protective roles of probiotic vesicles.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeLactobacillus johnsoniiMacrophagesProbioticsSalmonella Infections, AnimalSalmonella typhimuriumAnimalsMiceExtracellular vesiclesgut microbiotaintestinal inflammationintestinal microbiota metabolismSalmonella Typhimurium

Identifiers

PMID42057229
PMCPMC13214080

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.