ReviewCardiovascular diabetology2026
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Review in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- From conceptual emergence to multidisciplinary expansion: a bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome research.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Renal single-nucleus transcriptomic of a new model of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in aging swine.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Features of Lipid Disorders in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Adiposity-Metabolic Discordance Identifies Cardiometabolically Heterogeneous Profiles in Normal-Weight Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metabolic disorder-MASLD-cardiovascular disease-kidney disease (MMCK) syndrome: an expansion of the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) framework.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Age- and sex-specific normative values for reticulocyte indices and their relation to early-stage CKM syndrome.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Cumulative lipid-inflammatory indices and the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association between dietary B vitamin intakes and advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and an external hospital-based dataset.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Behavioral and health-factor domains of Life's Essential 8 in advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: a nationally representative cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Optimize speckle-tracking echocardiography screening in CKD patients: a TyG index-based nomogram model.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a multisystem condition integrating metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease into a unified framework. CKM syndrome encompasses progressive metabolic derangements, renal injury, and cardiovascular remodeling, which interact to amplify morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle interventions (including structured weight loss, dietary modification, physical activity, and sleep optimization) form a cornerstone of prevention and management. Pharmacologic strategies targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and lipid-lowering therapies provide additional multisystem benefits. In this comprehensive review, we systematically examine the most updated evidence on CKM syndrome, in terms of pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic strategies. We also highlight future research directions and precision medicine approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.