Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42056692›Full record

ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2026

Methods to Characterize Mutant Spectra of RNA Viruses: The Case of SARS-CoV-2.

Celia Perales, María Eugenia Soria, Ana Isabel de Ávila, Brenda Martínez-González, Isabel Gallego, Carlos García-Crespo, Pilar Somovilla, Pablo Mínguez, Ignacio Gadea, Esteban Domingo

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. SARS-CoV-2 mutant spectrum complexity is an epidemiologically evolvable trait.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Celia PeralesDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD UAM), Madrid, Spain. cperales@cbm.csic.es.
María Eugenia SoriaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Ana Isabel de ÁvilaCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
Brenda Martínez-GonzálezDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Isabel GallegoCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
Carlos García-CrespoCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
Pilar SomovillaCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
Pablo MínguezDepartment of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Ignacio GadeaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Esteban DomingoCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain. edomingo@cbm.csic.es.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Viral isolates consist of complex mixtures of many variants that are termed mutant spectra, distributions, clouds or swarms. They include information on virus behavior that is not captured by consensus sequences. Here, we describe experimental procedures, a bioinformatics pipeline, and calculations to characterize the mutant spectrum of RNA viruses. The data are obtained through the high-resolution MiSeq Illumina ultra-deep sequencing platform. We describe protocols for SARS-CoV-2 patients' isolates and laboratory populations, which can be adapted to other RNA viral pathogens. Precautions for sample handling to avoid cross-contaminations and controls for mutation and deletion detection reliability are also outlined.

Indexed as

COVID-19MutationRNA VirusesSARS-CoV-2Computational BiologyGenome, ViralHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansRNA, ViralRNA, ViralcDNA amplificationCOVID-19DeletionMiSeq IlluminaMutationRNA quantificationUltra-deep sequencingViral quasispecies

Identifiers

PMID42056692

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.