Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42056594›Full record

ArticleLab animal2026

Hyperosmolarity of mouse urine confounds research in urinary tract infection.

Kristian Stærk, Janni Søvsø Hjelmager, Rasmus Birkholm Grønnemose, Marie Lykke Bach, Jens Sivkær Pettersen, Thomas Emil Andersen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Lab animal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kristian StærkDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. Kristian.staerk@rsyd.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2410-0375
Janni Søvsø HjelmagerDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Rasmus Birkholm GrønnemoseDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-9981
Marie Lykke BachCardiovascular and Renal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Jens Sivkær PettersenDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Thomas Emil AndersenDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-1141

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mice have been used as models of urinary tract infection (UTI) for decades and laid the basis for the fundamental understanding of UTI pathogenesis in humans. Here we report that the high urine osmolarity of mice impacts key aspects of Escherichia coli UTI pathogenesis and represents a confounder for the translation of results to humans.

Indexed as

Escherichia coli InfectionsUrinary Tract InfectionsUrineAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalEscherichia coliFemaleMiceOsmolar Concentration

Identifiers

PMID42056594
PMCPMC13318629

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.