Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42056106›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

A digital archive reveals how a funding agency cooperated with academics to support the nascent field of genomics.

Spencer S Hong, Zachary Utz, Mohammad Hosseini, Cleber Zanchettin, Heliodoro Tejedor Navarro, Kristi Holmes, Kris A Wetterstrand, Sarah A Bates, Luis A Nunes Amaral, Christopher R Donohue and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Spencer S HongEngineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2278-2758
Zachary UtzOffice of the Director, Office of Communications, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Mohammad HosseiniDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2385-985X
Cleber ZanchettinCentro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil 6) Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Heliodoro Tejedor NavarroNorthwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5441-8101
Kristi HolmesDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8420-5254
Kris A WetterstrandExtramural Research Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6866-2842
Sarah A BatesOffice of the Director, Office of Communications, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Luis A Nunes AmaralEngineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. amaral@northwestern.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3762-789X
Christopher R DonohueOffice of the Director, Office of Communications, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. donohuc1@hs.uci.edu.
Thomas StoegerOffice of the Director, Office of Communications, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. thomas.stoeger@northwestern.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5540-4278

Funding

NUCATS CTSA UM1 at Northwestern UniversityUM1TR005121 · NCATS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Sara Becker, Richard D'Aquila · 2024 to 2026
$23.4M
Network of the National Library of Medicine Evaluation CenterU24LM013751 · NLM · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI KRISTI HOLMES · 2021 to 2026
$4.9M
Integrative Multi-Scale Systems Analysis of Gene-Expression-Driven Aging MorbidityR00AG068544 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI Thomas Stoeger · 2024 to 2026
$720k
National Science Foundation (NSF) 2410335NLM NIH HHS U24 LM013751U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1OT2DB000013U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UM1TR005121U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) R00AG068544
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

State-supported research funding agencies are critical to the scientific enterprise. However, it remains unclear how funding agencies cooperate with academic communities to realize common scientific goals. Here, we present a fully digital archive assembled by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), focusing on the nascent stages of "genomics" as a scientific field and the everyday workings of the Human Genome Project and subsequent major genomics projects. We identify early events behind the conception of genome-wide association studies, clarify hitherto obscured factors around funding decisions, and how NHGRI and academics outside NHGRI ensured continuity in technical expertise across projects. The computational models we developed correctly recapitulate how academic experts and NHGRI increased adoption of genomics by jointly deciding which organisms' genomes to sequence. Taken together, these findings reveal how a funding agency contributed to scientific innovation in a nascent field of science by repeatedly cooperating with the broader scientific community.

Indexed as

GenomicsGenome, HumanGenome-Wide Association StudyHuman Genome ProjectHumansNational Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)United States

Identifiers

PMID42056106
PMCPMC13129047

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.