ArticleContact dermatitis2026
Glove Reuse Limits in Hair Dyeing: Permeation of p-Phenylenediamine and Aminophenols Through Natural Rubber Latex and Neoprene After Repeated Washing.
Article in Contact dermatitis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHairdressers often reuse disposable gloves, yet the effect of repeated washing on protection against oxidative hair-dye sensitizers is unclear.
objectivesTo determine how reuse and wash type influence the permeation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and aminophenols through natural-rubber-latex (NRL) and neoprene gloves.
methodsClosed-loop ASTM F739 tests (27°C) were run for five consecutive 8-h exposures, each followed by either a water-only rinse or a detergent wash. Breakthrough time (BT), steady-state permeation rate (PR) and cumulative permeated mass (CPM) were quantified; linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effects of reuse day, wash type and concentration.
resultsNRL failed after one reuse; by Day 5, CPM reached 110 μg, and BT shortened. Neoprene maintained BT > 2 h across two reuse cycles; however, by Day 5, CPM increased by 41 μg. Wash type did not affect BT, PR, or CPM (p > 0.05). In NRL, each 1% (w/v) concentration increment shortened BT by 1.1 min and increased PR by 0.037 μg/cm
conclusionsBarrier performance was governed more by the reuse cycle than the rinse chemistry. Reuse of single-use gloves is not recommended because repeated use and cleaning reduce their protective performance.
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