Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42055537›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID2026

Using Non-Standard Research Methods to Explore the Perspectives of People With Intellectual Disabilities on Sensitive Topics: A Discussion of the Research Paradigm, Data Collection Methods and Data Analysis.

Irene Tuffrey-Wijne, Andrea Bruun, Rebecca Anderson-Kittow

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Irene Tuffrey-WijneKingston University London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-9529
Andrea BruunKingston University London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9620-0290
Rebecca Anderson-KittowKingston University London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-8914

Funding

National Institute for Health and Care Research NIHR202963
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo make research on sensitive topics accessible to participants with intellectual disabilities, researchers have used innovative, non-standard data collection methods. However, there is a lack of information about data analysis, validity and reliability.

methodsUsing the example of a focus group study on end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities, the development and implementation of several creative data collection methods and the process of data analysis are described and discussed.

resultsNewly developed data collection tools were presented as 'games' that successfully elicited participant perspectives. Data analysis involved the Framework method within an interpretivist phenomenological research paradigm. It incorporated extensive team discussions, including researchers and advisors with intellectual disabilities.

conclusionAny activity can become a valid data collection tool if it fits the study's research paradigm, has a clear rationale, is co-developed and tested with people with intellectual disabilities and if the analytical process is clearly described.

Indexed as

Advance Care PlanningData AnalysisData CollectionIntellectual DisabilityResearch DesignTerminal CareFocus GroupsHumansQualitative Researchdata analysisdeath and dyinginclusive researchintellectual disabilityinterpretivist phenomenologyqualitative research

Identifiers

PMID42055537
PMCPMC13128306

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.