Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42055193›Full record

ArticleVirologica Sinica2026

HVT-based multiepitope vaccine administered subcutaneously or in ovo boosts protection of inactivated H9N2 vaccine against heterologous virus.

Zimin Xie, Yingyi Chen, Shanyao Du, Xiumei Huang, Yuhuan Shao, Jiangwu Huang, Ming Liao, Manman Dai

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virologica Sinica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zimin XieGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Yingyi ChenGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Shanyao DuGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Xiumei HuangGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Yuhuan ShaoGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Jiangwu HuangGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Ming LiaoGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: mliao@scau.edu.cn.
Manman DaiGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: daimanman1229@scau.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a persistent threat as inactivated vaccines (InV) often fail to prevent viral shedding. To address this, we developed a recombinant turkey herpesvirus (HVT-BNT) expressing conserved B and T cell epitopes from H9N2 AIV to enhance both humoral and cellular immunity. HVT-BNT exhibited genetic stability over 15 serial passages and growth kinetics comparable to the parental strain in vitro. We evaluated immunization strategies of HVT-BNT combined with InV in 1-day-old chicks and 18-day-old embryos via subcutaneous (HVT-BNT + InV) or in ovo (HVT-BNT-ovo + InV) routes, respectively. Compared to InV alone, HVT-BNT + InV elicited significantly higher HI and neutralizing antibody titers, elevated IgG and IgM levels, and increased proportions of CD8

Indexed as

Epitopes, T-LymphocyteHerpesvirus 1, MeleagridInfluenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsInfluenza VaccinesAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralChickensCytokinesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteImmunity, CellularImmunization, SecondaryImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MInjections, SubcutaneousAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCytokinesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MInfluenza VaccinesVaccines, InactivatedVaccines, SyntheticCellular immunityH9N2 AIVHVTIn ovo immunizationMultiepitope vaccine

Identifiers

PMID42055193
PMCPMC13221743

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.