Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42054999›Full record

ReviewMed (New York, N.Y.)2026

Rethinking the role of synergy calculations in the next century of drug combination discovery.

Christian T Meyer, Yunxing Dai, Amy E Pomeroy, Nathaniel R Twarog, Andreas Bender, Steven S Rosenfeld, Emmanuel S Antonarakis, Jerome T Mettetal, R Stephanie Huang, Vito Quaranta and 4 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Med (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Panitumumab-Based EGFR Blockade in SMARCB1-Deficient Renal Medullary Carcinoma: Preclinical Basis and Prospective Clinical Activity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Christian T MeyerDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address: christian.meyer@stjude.org.
Yunxing DaiDepartment of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Amy E PomeroyDepartment of Pharmacology, Computational Medicine Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Nathaniel R TwarogDepartment of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
Andreas BenderCenter for Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Steven S RosenfeldDepartment of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Emmanuel S AntonarakisDepartment of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Jerome T MettetalAstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA.
R Stephanie HuangDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Vito QuarantaInstitute for Experiential AI, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jing TangDepartment of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Anang A ShelatDepartment of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
Malcolm A SmithNational Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: smithm@ctep.nci.nih.gov.
Adam C PalmerDepartment of Pharmacology, Computational Medicine Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: palmer@unc.edu.

Funding

Women's CancerP30CA077598 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI Douglas Yee · 1998 to 2026
$100.4M
SEEDING POSTDOCTORAL INNOVATORS IN RESEARCH &EDUCATIONK12GM000678 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DONALD T LYSLE, Kathryn Joanna Reissner · 1999 to 2026
$30.9M
Genetic mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in cancer and response to therapyR01CA229618 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HUANG, RONG STEPHANIE, STRANGER, BARBARA E · 2019 to 2024
$2.9M
Drug repurposing in breast cancerR01CA204856 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI HUANG, RONG STEPHANIE · 2018 to 2022
$2.2M
Generating Synthetic Lethality in Glioblastoma with a First-In-Class Non-Muscle Myosin II InhibitorR01CA295558 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE · PI Peter Canoll, STEVEN S ROSENFELD · 2025 to 2026
$1.2M
Modeling and analysis of curative combination therapy for Diffuse Large B-Cell LymphomaR01CA279968 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Adam Christopher Palmer · 2024 to 2026
$1.0M
The electrophysiology of biofilm development and drug resistanceR00AI175656 · NIAID · ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S RESEARCH HOSPITAL · PI Christian T Meyer · 2025 to 2026
$498k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA077598NCI NIH HHS R01 CA204856NCI NIH HHS R01 CA229618NCI NIH HHS R01 CA279968NCI NIH HHS R01 CA295558NIAID NIH HHS R00 AI175656NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM000678
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Therapeutic strategies increasingly leverage drug combinations, yet preclinical drug synergy frameworks often hinder, rather than accelerate, the clinical translation of medicinal combinations. To modernize the field of drug combination discovery, a multidisciplinary group of practitioners collaborated to distill three key observations underlying successful and failed drug combinations in oncology. These observations are that (1) activity, not synergy, is the primary determinant of a combination's clinical success; (2) synergistic combinations, without disease specificity, commonly fail due to toxicity; and (3) antagonistic combinations are an important and understudied means of improving clinical outcomes. We support the validity of these observations with a mixture of theory, reanalysis of public databases, and review of the literature. Together, these observations argue for a paradigm shift in how preclinical drug combination studies are designed and interpreted to better align with the clinical goals of discovering safe and effective combination therapies.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsDrug DiscoveryDrug SynergismNeoplasmsDrug CombinationsHumansDrug Combinationsdrug synergy/antagonism, combination activity, combination toxicity

Identifiers

PMID42054999
PMCPMC13278385

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.