Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42054362›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Quantitative assessment of flow between cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid compartments in humans.

Anders Wåhlin, Sofia Behndig, Johan Eriksson De Ryst, Viktor Vigren Näslund, Daniel Dahlgren Lindström, Jan Axelsson, Cecilia Björnfot, Mikael Bylund, Anders Garpebring, Petter Holmlund and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Quantitative assessment of flow between cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid compartments in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Anders WåhlinDepartment of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6784-1945
Sofia BehndigDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7712-5907
Johan Eriksson De RystDepartment of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
Viktor Vigren NäslundDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0009-0009-8310-3112
Daniel Dahlgren LindströmDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0009-0003-3509-2523
Jan AxelssonDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3731-3612
Cecilia BjörnfotDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
Mikael BylundDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
Anders GarpebringDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
Petter HolmlundDepartment of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
Afroditi LalouDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
Klara MogensenDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0009-0004-6341-8444
Daniel P G NilssonDepartment of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-1303-0327
Sara QvarlanderDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-1454-4725
Pontus SöderströmDepartment of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0009-0005-9401-6955
Tomas ViknerDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
Krister WiklundDepartment of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0009-0007-3128-8958
Magnus AnderssonDepartment of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-9835-3263
Katrine RiklundUmeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-5227-8117
Jan MalmDepartment of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.
Anders EklundDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-2031-722X

Funding

Hjärt-Lungfonden (Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation) 20210653Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning (SSF) RMX18-0152Vetenskapsrådet (VR) 2021-00711Vetenskapsrådet (VR) 2022-04263
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

According to glymphatic system theory, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) perfuses the brain's interstitial space to support waste clearance, but the magnitude of this flow and the outflow pathway of interstitial fluid (ISF) in humans remain uncertain. To achieve flow quantification, we applied a compartment-model approach applied in conjunction with serial quantitative MRI data acquired after intrathecal gadolinium administration. Using the method, we estimated CSF-to-ISF inflow to 45 ± 20 mL/h, in patients with suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Tissue-specific contributions were 34 ± 14 mL/h in cortical gray matter, 11±6 mL/h in white matter, and 0.4 ± 0.3 mL/h in subcortical gray matter, suggesting that CSF perfusion occurs primarily in superficial regions near the subarachnoid space. A lack of correlation between inflow and total craniospinal system outflow (r = 0.03,

Indexed as

Cerebrospinal FluidExtracellular FluidHydrocephalus, Normal PressureAgedBrainFemaleGadoliniumGlymphatic SystemHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleSubarachnoid SpaceGadoliniumbrain clearancecerebrospinal fluidflowglymphatic systeminterstitial fluid

Identifiers

PMID42054362
PMCPMC13142984

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.