ArticleBrain tumor pathology2026
Biphasic high-grade cerebellar glioma with epithelial-like components: challenges in integrated diagnosis imposed by limited sampling.
Article in Brain tumor pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A 67-year-old man presented with bilateral diplopia and gait instability. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed two adjacent lesions in the right middle cerebellar peduncle: a 2.7-cm cystic lesion with an enhancing mural nodule and a 1.7-cm ring-enhancing nodule with surrounding edema and associated brainstem compression. Biopsy followed by surgical resection demonstrated a biphasic tumor composed of glioma-like and epithelial-like components. Immunohistochemically, the glioma-like component expressed GFAP and OLIG2, whereas the epithelial-like component lacked glial and epithelial lineage markers and exhibited a high proliferative index (Ki-67 labeling index, 50%). Aberrant calponin-1 expression was observed in both components but was not associated with definitive smooth muscle or myoepithelial differentiation. DNA methylation profiling did not yield a definitive classification and demonstrated borderline similarity to established high-grade glioma classes, clustering near the glioblastoma, IDH-wild-type, midline subtype. Molecular analysis of the epithelial-like component was not feasible due to limited tissue availability, preventing assessment of clonal relatedness between components. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges posed by intratumoral heterogeneity and sampling limitations in adult cerebellar high-grade gliomas. This report highlights the interpretive constraints of current histopathological and molecular classification frameworks when confronted with spatially heterogeneous tumors and incomplete sampling, rather than defining a novel tumor entity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42053926What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.